Hygienic-dietary measures for the control and prevention of acid-peptic disease

Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial condition, but Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are considered the main risk factors. Diet is considered a related factor; however, current scientific evidence remains inconclusive. Therefore, the objective of this review was to analyze the available scientific evidence on dietary habits and peptic ulcer disease, and their impact on the clinical course and symptom control. A narrative literature review was conducted in PubMed, including observational studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2015 and 2025. The findings indicate that high consumption of alcohol and ultra-processed foods is associated with a higher frequency of gastric inflammation and a greater presence of symptoms, while diets rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables could be considered a protective factor. Foods such as coffee and chili peppers have not been shown to have a direct causal role, so their restriction should be individualized according to the patient’s tolerance. Hygienic and dietary measures could be recommended as adjuncts to pharmacological treatment, especially the use of probiotics in H. pylori infection, which has stronger scientific support. In conclusion, all dietary recommendations should be based on healthy and individualized eating patterns, avoiding unnecessary restrictions that affect quality of life.