Pharmacological treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition affecting a significant portion of the global population. Pharmacological treatment primarily focuses on reducing acid secretion, protecting the esophageal mucosa, and relieving symptoms. This article reviews the main pharmacological groups used in GERD management, including proton pump inhibitors, potassium-competitive acid blockers, H2 receptor antagonists, antacids, alginates, and mucosal protectants. The mechanisms of action, efficacy, adverse effects, and clinical considerations of each therapeutic class are discussed.