Lifestyle modifications in gastroesophageal reflux disease

Conventional treatment modalities for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) include pharmacological therapy and surgical and endoscopic interventions. Reflux symptoms associated with various foods vary individually. Although there is insufficient evidence that certain dietary substances can trigger GERD symptoms, the literature suggests a possible relationship between the development of reflux, spicy foods, chocolate, fatty foods, and carbonated beverages. Initial treatment for patients with a typical GERD presentation begins with dietary and lifestyle modification. Lifestyle modifications have also received increased scientific attention in the past two decades and may be an effective adjunct to GERD management. Lying on the left side and elevating the head of the bed in the supine position reduces the development of nocturnal reflux symptoms. Smoking and obesity (especially abdominal obesity) trigger GERD symptoms. While excessive physical activity is a significant risk factor for the development of GERD, regular, light-to-moderate physical activity has been shown to reduce reflux symptoms.